Faithin Omaha eBook Collection

Download or read book Single-molecule Basis of Transcription-coupled DNA Repair written by Jun Fan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DNA in living cells is constantly threatened by damages from both endogenous and exogenous agents, which can threaten genomic integrity, block processes of replication, transcription and translation and have also genotoxic effects. In response to the DNA damage challenge, organisms have evolved diverse surveillance mechanisms to coordinate DNA repair and cell-cycle progression. Multiple DNA repair mechanisms, discovered in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, bear the responsibility of maintaining genomic integrity; these mechanisms include nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER), mismatch repair (MMR) and double strand break repair (DSBR). Transcription-coupled DNA repair (TCR) is a specialized NER subpathway characterized by enhanced repair of the template strand of actively transcribed genes as compared to the classical global genome repair (GGR) subpathway of NER which does not distinguish between template and non-template strands. TCR achieves specialization via the involvement of RNA polymerase (RNAP) and the Mfd (Mutation Frequency Decline) protein, also known as TRCF (transcription repair coupling factor). TCR repair initiates when RNAP stalls at a DNA lesion on the transcribed strand and serves as the da mage sensor. The stalled RNAP must be displaced so as to make the lesion accessible to downstream repair components. E. coli Mfd translocase participates in this process by displacing stalled RNAP from the lesion and then coordinating assembly of the UvrAB(C) components at th( damage site. Recent studies have shown that after binding to and displacing stalled RNAP, Mfd remains on the DNA in the form of a stable, translocating complex with evicted RNAP. So as to understand how UvrAB(C) are recruited via the Mfd-RNAP complex, magnetic trapping of individual, damaged DNA molecules was employed to observe-in real-time this multi¬component, multi-step reaction, up to and including the DNA incision reaction by UvrC. It was found that the recruitment of UvrA and UvrAB to the Mfd-RNAP complex halts the translocating complex and then causes dissolution of the complex in a molecular "hand-off" with slow kinetics Correlative single-molecule nanomanipulation and fluorescence further show that dissolution of the complex leads to loss of not only RNAP but also Mfd. Hand-off then allows for enhanced incision of damaged DNA by the UvrC component as compared to the equivalent single-moleculE GGR incision reaction. A global model integrating TCR and GGR components in repair was proposed, with the overall timescales for the parallel reactions provided.