Related Books

Researching Private Supplementary Tutoring
Language: en
Pages: 297
Authors: Mark Bray
Categories: Education
Type: BOOK - Published: 2016-03-01 - Publisher: Springer

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Private supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education because of the way that it mimics mainstream schooling, has greatly expanded worldwide. It cons
Shadow Education
Language: en
Pages: 152
Authors: Mark Bray
Categories: Education
Type: BOOK - Published: 2012-05-01 - Publisher: Asian Development Bank

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In all parts of Asia, households devote considerable expenditures to private supplementary tutoring. This tutoring may contribute to students' achievement, but
Adverse Effects of Private Supplementary Tutoring
Language: en
Pages: 84
Authors: Mark Bray
Categories: Domestic education
Type: BOOK - Published: 2003 - Publisher:

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Analyzes government responses to private tutoring, with references to the cases of Mauritius, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, and the Republic of Korea.
Confronting the Shadow Education System
Language: en
Pages: 146
Authors: Mark Bray
Categories: Education
Type: BOOK - Published: 2009 - Publisher: United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization

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This book focuses on the so-called shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring. In parts of East Asia it has long existed on a large scale and it
Private Tutoring Across the Mediterranean
Language: en
Pages: 221
Authors: Mark Bray
Categories: Education
Type: BOOK - Published: 2013-09-03 - Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

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Private tutoring—supplementary, out-of-school instruction offered at a fee to individuals or groups—represents a substantial household expenditure, even in