Faithin Omaha eBook Collection

Download or read book Activation of Toll-like Receptor 3 Translates to Long-term Post-viral Lung Disease written by Xinyu Wang (Immunologist) and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) causes substantial human and economic costs both in the US and worldwide. To identify the molecular mechanisms to allow for targeted therapies for COPD, we developed a high-fidelity mouse model of chronic lung inflammation using the natural rodent pathogen Sendai virus (SeV). While nucleic acid-sensing pattern recognition receptors are important for innate immune responses to viral pathogens, there have been few studies investigating their role in the context of chronic disease. Here we show that Toll-like receptor 3 (Tlr3) signaling is required for the development of chronic lung disease in a postviral mouse model. Activation of Tlr3 in inflammatory monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) is necessary for the development of chronic lung disease. moDCs form an immune cell niche that drives epithelial alveolar type II cell (AT2) proliferation and interleukin-33 (Il33) expression. Il33 then leads to activation of downstream effector immune cells that produce a chronic inflammatory disease phenotype.